Abstract
This text deals with some principal concepts in the philosophy of Marx. The Marxist conceptions of human being, of alienation, of the relation between ideology and práxis and his conception of education are put face to face with their contexts of origin and with their interpretations within left wing thought after his death. The adaptations and theoretical-political reductions imposed on the philosophical concepts of Marx by Marxism-Leninism are dealt with, as well as the positions of thinkers such as Sartre, Adorno, Horkheimer, Lukács and Gramsci, who were attentive to culture and education and their role in capitalism and in social transformation. The text ends with a reference to Benjamin´s famous conviction that it is necessary to “brush history against the grain” and Marcuse´s call for a “great refusal” of the one-dimensionality of current society.
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