Abstract
Understanding how educational inequalities and discrimination are interrelated in different national and sub-national contexts is the purpose of this dossier. The aim is to open up a space for scientific debate on the relationship between inequality and discrimination by examining four national contexts: France, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. The different contributions are based on the main findings and analyses related to inequality and discrimination from research carried out in these four countries from the 1950s-1960s to the present day, with a particular focus on recent decades. The articles analyse the relationship between the results and the political agendas of projects to transform schools or democratize schooling in different national contexts. The focus of special attention and reflection will be on the main issues and political strategies developed in response to the perceived limitations of the transformations carried out and the newly identified educational problems, especially since the 1980s.

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